Investments
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Capital turnover is the rate at which money passes through various stages of production and circulation. The higher the rate of circulation of capital, the more profit the organization will receive, which indicates the growth of its business activity
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GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the main macroeconomic indicator that determines the results of economic activity. The GDP deflator is a price index that reflects the change in the prices of the consumer basket over a certain period of time
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The capitalization ratio is one of the calculated values of financial leverage. Such an untranslatable English word is called a group of values that characterize the ratio between the company's borrowed funds and its own capital. Instructions Step 1 The capitalization ratio allows you to determine how great the dependence of the company's activities on borrowed funds
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The aggregated balance sheet is a consolidated form of the balance sheet. Its main difference from the standard reporting form is the regrouping of articles, their combination according to the same economic content. Instructions Step 1 The aggregated balance sheet is easier to read, it allows you to highlight important elements on the basis of which the financial condition of the enterprise is analyzed
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With an increase in production volumes, the burden of fixed costs per unit of output decreases, and this leads to a decrease in production costs. However, in practice, a situation often arises when an increase in production leads to the opposite effect
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In order to estimate the volume of products produced in different time periods, price comparison must be applied. Constant or comparable prices are used to eliminate the influence of price changes on the dynamics of value indicators when they are compared
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The means of labor expended in production cannot last forever. They have an extremely unpleasant property to wear out for financial calculations. The amount spent on the elimination of depreciation is called depreciation deductions. They must be included in the cost of the finished product in order to cover the corresponding costs of the enterprise
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Equity capital is a certain set of financial resources of the enterprise, which are formed at the expense of the founders of the company, as well as the financial results of its own activities. In turn, in any joint stock company, equity is called joint stock
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Cost is understood as the cost of products, taking into account the costs of their production. It is customary to refer to costs as wages, materials, raw materials, etc. Calculation of the cost price allows you to determine the cost of producing a unit of output in cash
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Value added tax is an indirect multi-stage tax, it is levied on each act of sale, starting from the stage of the production cycle and ending with the sale to the final consumer. In fact, value added is the difference between two quantities - the cost of finished goods sold and the cost of products consumed in its production
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Own working capital is a part of the working capital of the enterprise, formed at the expense of its own capital. Working capital is required to finance the current activities of the organization. In their absence or shortage, the company is forced to apply for borrowed funds
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The transfer of the value of fixed assets to finished products is carried out for a long time, which can cover several production and technological cycles. In this regard, the accounting of fixed assets is organized so that it was possible to simultaneously reflect the preservation of the original form and the gradual loss of value
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Cost-effectiveness can be calculated for any project. The result will depend only on the selected factors that affect the final performance indicator. By the final indicator, it will be possible to judge whether it is worth developing and implementing the project
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The main goal of forming any business is to make a profit. To find out the exact amount of money earned, you need to know how to calculate it, clarify all production costs and the volume of products produced. Instructions Step 1 Suppose that you need to calculate the profit of an enterprise from the sale of products that produce toys
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The return on a share is the ratio of the amount of income from the shares held to the size of their value. Moreover, there are two main components of this indicator. This is the income that the owner of the share receives as a result of the difference in the rates of its sale and purchase and income in the form of certain dividends (dividend income)
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The efficiency of the enterprise is one of the most important economic criteria. In its most general form, it can be represented as the ratio of the costs required for the production of products and the result obtained in the course of its implementation
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The financial result from the sale of manufactured products is used in accounting to reflect the economic production operations that are aimed at the release and sale of the company's finished products. This value must be determined monthly using documents that can confirm the fact of implementation
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Calculating the unit cost is both simple and complex. It all depends on the approach to the calculation. You can find out the full cost price by dividing all the costs of a period by the volume of products produced during this period. But this method does not provide opportunities for analysis and management
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The rate of return on investment is a key criterion for the attractiveness of a particular investment project. The payback period allows the investor to compare different business options and choose the most suitable one that matches his financial capabilities
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In economic theory, a multiplier is a category used to define and characterize relationships where there is a multiplier effect. World renowned economist J.M. Keynes, the author of macroeconomic theory, called the multiplier a coefficient that characterizes the dependence of changes in income on changes in investment
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The consumer price index is one of the ways to measure the average price level, which is calculated for many items of goods and services and, according to some researchers, is the best indicator of the cost of living. Instructions Step 1 The consumer price index calculates the change in prices for goods and services included in the consumer basket
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Material consumption is an indicator that reflects the consumption of materials per natural unit or one ruble of the cost of manufactured products. Materials consumption is measured in monetary terms, physical units or percentage, which make up the cost of materials in the total cost of production
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The theory of supply and demand reveals the main characteristics of a market economy. The concepts of supply and demand help to understand the mechanisms of formation of market prices and the consumption of goods, as well as to determine the patterns of behavior of buyers and sellers in the market
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Averages are used in economics for ease of calculation. With their help, calculations are made that save accountants' time by using indicators that reflect fluctuations in set values with varying degrees of accuracy. To determine average prices, the arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean and harmonic mean are most often used
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By calculating several financial indicators based on the analysis of balance sheet data, you can partially assess the financial condition of the company. On the other hand, using the calculations below, any company can assess the partial financial condition of its own counterparties to whom the products are supplied
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There are many ways to send money from the US if you need to. It is best to learn as much as possible about them in order to find the one that suits you best both in terms of time and cost. Instructions Step 1 Use one of the money transfer systems, for example, the widespread Western Union
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All property of the enterprise, accepted for accounting, is depreciated, that is, wears out over time. Depending on the useful life, it belongs to one of the depreciation groups. The useful life is the period during which the assets of the enterprise are able to generate income
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Currently, almost all organizations by the nature of their activities use various software. It can be used for the purposes of personnel and accounting, automation of production and trade, or the regulation of management activities. Despite the widespread distribution of programs, many enterprises face many problems in the order of their capitalization in the accounting department
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The indicator of net profit for any enterprise is the most important. Net profit is the result of the company's activities for a certain period. It shows the amount of money that the company received by paying all tax fees, salaries to its employees and other payments that are mandatory
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Among the travel expenses paid to the employee in advance, there is also such an item as daily allowance. This is a kind of "pocket money" of the traveler, which he spends on food and other trifles that are difficult or impossible to document
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The Internet can become not only a source of information and entertainment, but also a way to make money. The main thing is to know where you can get money and how to do it so as not to lose what you earned. Instructions Step 1 Start your blog and make it popular
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Profitability is most often equated to an indicator of the efficiency of an enterprise, that is, to the ratio of net profit to net costs. However, in practice, the calculation of profitability indicators is aggravated by a number of reasons and additional parameters
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Some organizations, in the course of their business activities, acquire various property. If these assets have a useful life of more than a year, then they are classified as property, plant and equipment. Before using them, they must be taken into account, that is, put on the balance sheet and assign an inventory number
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Estimates for design work are very important in construction. They are usually compiled for any types of costs and works in stages. They are often of a general nature, including calculations of the total cost of the project. So, how to make an estimate for design work?
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You can replenish your wallet account in the WebMoney system in various ways. If there is nothing at hand except a mobile phone, and there is an excess of funds on his account, you can transfer some of them into electronic money. Instructions Step 1 Be sure to confirm the consent of the person paying the mobile phone bill
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Any movement of money in the organization's cash desk must certainly be correctly formalized. To do this, the cashier needs to draw up a report, which is subsequently transferred to the accounting department for further accounting. In some small organizations in the staffing table there is no position of "
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One of the means of statistical analysis of socio-economic development is the comparison of various indicators for different years. However, the realities of the market economy are such that prices for the same product are constantly rising
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You want to become a Beeline subscriber, go to a cellular salon, choose a tariff that is convenient for you, buy a SIM card. The SIM card is attached to a rectangular plastic base. To start using it, you need to disconnect it from the base, insert it into the corresponding slot of the cell phone, activate the starting balance and call friends and colleagues
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Some organizations use their vehicles to carry out any operations. He, like any fixed asset, wears out. In this case, it must be liquidated, and in accounting it must be written off. In this case, it is not necessary that all of its value was written off due to depreciation
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The capabilities of the 1C program allow you to eliminate errors associated with manual filling out of forms. High-quality customization ensures compliance with all regulatory requirements when entering documents into the database. Instructions Step 1 Start the 1C program