Even a venerable economist can be confused by the tricky questions about funds, since funds are a fairly broad concept. What are the main types of funds?
In economic, legal and other dictionaries, the term "funds" is given many definitions, each of which is true in its own way. Funds are both sources of formation of funds (capital), and material assets of the enterprise, used for a specific purpose, and income-generating securities. In addition, do not forget that funds are the financial resources of the state. First of all, when studying funds, one should separate state funds from non-state (private) ones. State funds, in turn, are subdivided into budgetary and extrabudgetary. Budgetary funds include, for example, a targeted budgetary fund, the funds of which are formed as part of the budget and are subject to distribution exclusively for the earmarked purpose. Extra-budgetary state funds are well known to everyone. The Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund, the Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund are social funds designed to ensure the constitutional rights of citizens to pension and social security, as well as medical assistance. Non-state funds are divided into enterprise funds, non-commercial funds, as well as investment. Commercial enterprises of any form have at their disposal fixed assets (funds) directly involved in the production process. In addition, the heads of organizations have the right to create, at their discretion, reserve funds, business development funds, etc. Non-profit funds most often pursue various good missions, collecting funds for charity, the development of innovations, etc. There are also non-profit non-state pension funds offering more attractive conditions. And, finally, investment funds pursue a specific goal - to generate profits through portfolio investment of private finance in the real sectors of the economy.
