Finance
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Some heads of organizations in the process of economic activity use the so-called financial audit. It consists in checking accounting documents, assessing the financial condition of the enterprise. Financial audit is carried out by specialist auditors
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The price of oil is important to Russians. After all, oil revenues are decisive for budgeting. Also, the price of oil affects the cost of gasoline and diesel fuel. Factors Affecting Oil Prices Like any other commodity, the price of oil is determined by the relationship between supply and demand
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The analysis of the financial results of the organization's activities begins with the preparation of financial statements of profit and loss in form No. 2. It reflects the composition, structure and dynamics of profit indicators. One of the greatest highlights of this report is profit before tax
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Taxable profit is calculated on the basis of the balance sheet, i.e. operating value, determined from the balance sheet data. From a legal point of view, any income minus tax credits is taxed. Instructions Step 1 The net income of the enterprise is the amount obtained by deducting from the gross income all costs of production and sale, as well as the amount of tax
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Based on the experience of the cities of Lewis, Totnes and Stroud, the authorities of the English city of Bristol intend to introduce into circulation a local currency called the Bristol pound. According to the organizers of the project, the local currency will contribute to the development of local business
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In the world of finance, an option is a special contract, according to which a potential buyer or seller gets the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell an asset - a real commodity, security, currency - at a predetermined price and at a specified time in the future
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Outright forward foreign exchange transactions are a kind of special transaction between two parties involving foreign exchange. In this case, one party acquires a certain amount of one currency for another, which will be delivered later, but at the rate that was set at the time of the transaction
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The term quotes is understood as the determination of the exchange rate of foreign currencies, prices of goods and securities on the exchange, which is announced by the seller or buyer at the time of the purchase or sale. As a rule, quotations are provided by special bodies of the stock, currency or commodity exchange and are published in stock exchange bulletins informing about the exchange rate of securities, foreign currencies and wholesale prices of goods
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Counterfeit dollars are rarely found in Russia. However, if you often have to deal with US banknotes, you need to know their basic security features. This is the only way you can protect yourself from financial losses, as well as possible problems with the law
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Seasonal sales delight shoppers with long-awaited price reductions, but they usually start with huddles and queues. If you love sales, prefer shopping with a profit for your wallet, here are some useful tips to help you get a discount on every purchase, while avoiding the inconvenience and waste of time standing in lines
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Any work of art has a price. It depends on a combination of various factors. Most often, the author's name plays the most important role. The more popular it is, the higher the price of the item. Today in our country there is no unified system for evaluating works of art
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The money supply is a set of means of payment in the country's economy, including the volume of cash and non-cash money. The money supply characterizes the purchasing, payment and accumulation funds belonging to the citizens of the country, legal entities, as well as the state as a whole
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A bill of exchange is an unconditional written promissory note drawn up in the form established by law and issued by the drawer to the holder of the bill. A bill of exchange obligation consists of certain elements, instructions and parts of the content, called requisites
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A bill of exchange is a written promissory note in which the drawer undertakes to pay the specified amount of money to the holder of the bill. It can be a bearer, providing payment at sight. The document usually indicates at what time the amount of money must be transferred
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Bills are used by many businesses and individuals when paying for goods. You can get a bank loan secured by your bills, secure loans-for-shares auctions, take part in a tender or competition. Bills of one enterprise can be exchanged for bills of another organization, issue them in free or closed circulation, bring them to the bill market, mortgage, leasing or barter
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Over the twenty years of Russia's existence, financiers have managed to create a more or less reliable banking system. At the moment, it cannot be called perfect, therefore, with due diligence, you can find a place in the financial market and open your own bank
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One of the most effective ways to force a debtor to repay a debt is considered to be going to court. Although this is a lengthy procedure, it does not go beyond the legal relationship between the debtor and the creditor. Unlike many methods used by unscrupulous collectors
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Just 10 years ago, it was even impossible to imagine that soon it would be enough to send an application via the Internet to obtain a loan. And today you can not only fill out an application there, but also get an answer. Isn't that progress?
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Any accounting department is not complete without documents designed to collect, process and store the necessary information related to the activities of the enterprise. Documents are carriers of the necessary data related to payments, cash transactions, etc
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Choosing a good broker is one of the most important stages in a trader's work. A broker is an intermediary company between a seller and a buyer. The source of the brokerage firm's earnings is commissions received for completed transactions. There are many brokerage companies now, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages
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The report on the targeted use of the funds received has a unified form No. 6, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation No. 475/102n dated November 14, 2003. These statements are used by non-profit organizations to reflect the amounts that were received as membership, admission, voluntary and other contributions during the reporting period
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Liquidation of an enterprise is a long and complex process, during which it is necessary to make a complete inventory of the company's assets and obligations. The main document that will determine the real financial position of the company is the liquidation balance sheet
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Some commercial organizations receive voluntary, membership and admission fees. According to the Tax Code, such companies are exempt from paying taxes. But, nevertheless, they must provide a report on the intended use of the funds received (form No
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Commercial organizations can receive funds from state budgets as assistance. In this case, the accounting procedure for their receipt and use is regulated by PBU 13/2000 "Accounting for State Aid". The remainder of the unused funds must be returned to the appropriate budget
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Overdraft is a good substitute for a consumer loan. Overdraft is a short-term loan on a debit card, the overdraft limit is set based on the client's solvency and reliability. All individuals who have a debit plastic card of the lender's bank can apply for an overdraft
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An invoice is a primary accounting document that must be filled in correctly, without blots and adjustments. Each invoice has a serial number and is entered in the ledger. If a mistake was made when writing a document, then the correction can be made taking into account the "
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When compiling primary documents, mistakes can sometimes be made. If corrections are not made correctly and on time, they can lead to serious consequences, up to and including penalties imposed by the tax authorities. The procedure for correcting errors in the invoice is spelled out in section 4 of the Regulations on documents and workflow
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The settlement period is determined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the payment of sick leave, maternity leave, regular or additional leave. To calculate the amount of payments, you should determine the average daily wage for the billing period
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Bank transfer is a method of transferring a certain amount of funds from one person (payer) to another using different payment documents (orders, checks). Instructions Step 1 Contact the bank in order to make a bank transfer
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Standing in constant queues at the bank can take a lot of time and nerves for anyone. To avoid such a fate, use the Bank-Client program. In particular, you can consider "Client-Sberbank", because this bank is known throughout Russia, and beyond its borders
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As always, there was not enough money to buy an object or housing necessary for life. In such cases, the thought immediately arises to take a loan from a bank. The choice will usually fall on the bank with the lowest interest rates for the use of borrowed funds, but the banks are not stupid people
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Why do more and more financial crises grow like mushrooms after the rain every season? Why do they hit the countries with a developed banking system most tangibly, where banks are trying to make profits out of thin air? Why does manufacturing China, for example, do not suffer from these crises, but, on the contrary, add its GDP?
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Maternal (family) capital is one of the state support programs for citizens with children. The funds allocated for the maternity capital cannot be received in the form of cash. It is necessary - documents confirming the right to obtain a certificate
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When choosing a method of investing personal savings, you need to focus not only on obtaining high incomes, but also on the reliability of investments. Today there are many such methods, and they all have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, before investing rubles, you need to understand all the possible investment options
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Unfortunately, bank customers often face unpleasant situations that lead to loss of time, nerves and, of course, money. Moreover, the reason for this is usually not the lie of employees, but rather a half-truth, the silence of some important facts or their not entirely correct presentation
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Everyone can face poor-quality services, so you need to know your rights in advance - this will help to return the money spent. If you are poorly served in a cafe or restaurant, this will only lead to a spoiled mood, but mistakes in the field of medicine or tourism can lead to much more serious consequences
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The betting exchange is an alternative to bookmakers, in which all bets are made directly between the players. In this case, bets can be made in the usual way, like a bookmaker's office, or independently act as a bookmaker and accept a bet from other participants
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Registering in a queue to improve housing conditions is quite troublesome and time-consuming. It is necessary to collect a lot of different documents, to withstand more than one line. Although in this case it can be said that the end justifies the means
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Financial markets are used to regulate domestic and international economic relations. They are an integral part of life, since every person is a participant in them. Instructions Step 1 Classification of financial markets by the types of assets involved in the sale is one of the most common methods
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Today, many people change a vacuum cleaner for a new one because of not physical, but only the obsolescence of the previous one. In this case, the old vacuum cleaner can be sold. After that, he will serve the new owners for a long time. Instructions Step 1 Before selling a vacuum cleaner, make sure it is fully functional