Chemically, sugar is one of the many substances in the group of fast-dissolving carbohydrate compounds. But in human life this word has a very specific meaning, it is sucrose - a sweetener made from sugar beets or sugar cane. Refined sugar is white, while brown sugar is simply incompletely refined. The fact is that the plant sap that envelops the crystals - molasses - has a brownish color. If the sugar crystals are not removed from the molasses, it remains brown. Sugar can be obtained in a variety of ways, including from sugar beets.
It is necessary
- - beet washing machine;
- - beet-lifting installation;
- - separator;
- - beet slicer;
- - scales;
- - diffusion unit;
- - press and dryer for bench press
- - diffuser;
- - massecuite machine;
- - vacuum devices for cleaning;
- - drying and cooling unit.
Instructions
Step 1
Since sugar beets are perishable, factories are usually located near the fields where they are grown. An additional argument in favor of the proximity is the fact that it takes about 6 kg of sugar beet to produce 1 kg of sugar, and it is very costly to transport such large volumes. The beets collected from the fields are fed to the production lines, at the very beginning they are cleaned of impurities: straw, sand, stones, tops. For this, water is used, air is supplied to intensify the cleaning.
Step 2
After the primary cleaning of sugar beet roots has taken place, it enters the washing machine. Water is poured into it in an amount equal to the mass of beets, or somewhat less, it depends on the degree of contamination of the root crops. After that, the beets are rinsed and fed to an electromagnet, with the help of which metal objects accidentally caught in the mass of fruits are removed.
Step 3
Next, the beets need to be weighed. An electric scale connected to a device for cutting it is used. Carefully measured beet mass is sliced and crushed into shavings.
Step 4
The beet chips are transferred to a conveyor belt, which is also equipped with scales. It follows along it to the diffusion unit. Countercurrent diffusion allows you to extract the sugar from the beet juice. The plant leaves shavings, low-saturated with sugar (it is called pulp), as well as diffusion sugar juice. The pulp is pressed, dried, after which briquettes are formed from it, they are used as animal feed.
Step 5
Diffusion juice is purified from impurities and various dyes with the help of adsorbing substances. He goes through complex procedures of multi-stage filtration - several saturations.
Step 6
The filtered syrup is fed into vacuum apparatus, where it is boiled down to a state of supersaturation, in which all substances crystallize. At the exit, the so-called massecuite is obtained, in which approximately 55% of the total mass is crystallized sugar.
Step 7
The massecuite is fed into a massecuite machine, where sugar crystals are separated from impurities, first in a centrifuge, then washed with hot water for further cleaning. Some of the sugar dissolves in water, which is further refined and processed. It is at this stage that the molasses separates, which makes the sugar brown. Cane sugar, which undergoes the same processing stages in production, undergoes additional refining procedures at this stage, but the beet product does not need such cleaning.
Step 8
The unloaded sugar is additionally whitened first with water, then with steam. It has a temperature of about 70 degrees. Crystals pass a vibrating conveyor, then a weighing belt conveyor, after which they fall on a vibrating sieve. Lumps from it are returned for processing, and the sifted out small crystals, in fact, are the final product.
