According to the general rules of accounting, goods are reflected on account 41 at the amount of their actual cost. However, an exception was made for trading organizations, and, based on the content of clause 13 of PBU 5/01, they are allowed to account for goods at the amount of their sales value. This was done specifically so that you can keep a separate record of markups and discounts.
Instructions
Step 1
In this case, organizational margins are accounted for on the credit of account 42 "Trade margin" in correspondence with the debit of account 41 "Goods". True, this option is possible if the order on accounting policy contains a clause on the assessment of goods at their selling prices, and also fixes the procedure for calculating the amount of trade imposition.
Also, account 42 "Trade margin" can be used to reflect on it the amounts of discounts provided by the organization, losses from marriage, natural loss of goods or damage to them, as well as to reimburse additional transport costs.
Step 2
The amount of the trade margin is calculated from the amount of distribution costs, which are accounted for on account 44 "Sales expenses", as well as based on the amount of VAT charged in order to ensure profit.
Accordingly, the size of the trade margin for most types of goods can be anything and is not limited by anything. Some types of goods for which prices are regulated by the state, that is, the maximum size of retail margins to the manufacturer's selling price is set.
Step 3
Based on the provisions of the same PBU 5/01, organizations have the opportunity not to keep records of each unit of goods sold, but to write off the cost of all goods sold, taking into account the trade margin, in one amount from the credit of account 41 "Goods" to the debit of account 90 "Sales" (subaccount 2). This amount will be equal to the amount of proceeds received from the sale of these goods.
Step 4
To reflect the financial result from the sale of goods, simultaneously with the write-off of their sales value, the amount of the trade margin that falls on the goods sold is debited from account 90-2 - that is, the amount of the sold trade imposition. The basis for such operations is the accounting statement-calculation.
Step 5
After the realized trade margin is deducted from account 42, a credit balance is formed on account 90, reflecting the income from the sale of goods.
Methods for calculating the trade margin must be reflected in the explanatory note when submitting the financial statements.
