In the course of economic activity, the heads of organizations are sometimes forced to write off the goods. This can happen for various reasons, for example, the product has expired, or due to inventory, a shortage has been identified. The accountant must reflect these transactions in the accounting.
First of all, you must complete all the necessary documents, since without them you have no right to make entries in accounting. To identify a shortage of goods or to establish that the expiration date has ended, carry out an inventory, that is, a check. To do this, fill out an order on the appointment of members of the inventory commission and setting the timing of verification (form No. INV-22).
Fill out the results of the inventory in the form of a collation sheet (form No. 22), draw up an inventory of inventories (form No. INV-03). If you find a defect in the process of checking, fill out an act of writing off the goods (form No. TORG-16) or an act of damage to goods and materials (form No. TORG-15). After that, you must approve the act, that is, sign.
In accounting, reflect these transactions as follows:
- D94 K41 - reflects the cost of goods unsuitable for sale;
- Д94 К19 - the amount of VAT on unsuitable goods has been repaid;
- D19 K68 - VAT charged to the budget has been restored;
- Д91.2 К94 - the amount of the shortfall has been repaid against other expenses.
However, I would like to make an amendment. Some accountants are wondering whether it is necessary to recover tax when writing off expired goods. Article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (clause 3) lists those situations when a company is obliged to recover VAT. There is no clause on writing off expired goods here. It follows from this that the company has the right to deduction and there is no need to recover the tax.
And what about income tax? Is it possible to include the costs incurred as a result of the disposal of the goods? The Ministry of Finance does not give an unambiguous answer to this question (letter dated 08.07.08 No. 03-03-06 / 1/397, letter dated 09.06.09 No. 03-03-06 / 1/374). However, if we turn to the Tax Code, namely to Article 264, we can conclude that the company has the right to take into account expenses. After all, the goods were purchased or manufactured for further resale, and not for the purpose of writing off.
