The budgetary system of the Russian Federation consists of budgets of three levels: federal, regional and local. In accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, their filling is carried out, inter alia, at the expense of collected taxes. But the federal budget can allocate additional funds to the budgets of other levels - transfers - in the form of grants, subsidies and subventions.
Replenishment of budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation
All taxes collected from legal entities and individuals go to the Federal Treasury. Some taxes are unregulated. They, in accordance with the BC RF, are fully transferred either to the federal, or to the regional, or to the local budget. Another part of taxes is regulated. They, in accordance with the percentage approved when the budget is adopted, are distributed over two or for each of the three levels of the budget system.
Each of the three levels of budgets has its own sources of content. But if the federal budget, in addition to taxes, receives other amounts, for example, for the sale of raw materials, the regional and local budgets are replenished mainly only from tax revenues.
In addition, the collection of taxes and their amount depend on the region. In those regions where large taxpaying enterprises are located, large sums come to the budgets; these regions are located in the central part of the Russian Federation, where industry and agriculture are developed. But there are regions where taxes are collected a little, but they, like the rest, need funds to meet the needs of the people living in them.
Therefore, interbudgetary transfers are allocated from the federal or regional budgets - funds provided on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis to another budget. The federal budget provides these funds to the regional budget, and the regional - to the local budget in need of them.
Interbudgetary transfers
Intergovernmental transfers are provided in the form of grants, subventions and subsidies. Subsidies are provided without any conditions and goals; the recipient budget is free to dispose of these amounts at its own discretion and spend as it sees fit. Subventions are also allocated on the terms of gratuitousness and irrevocability, but for specific purposes. These amounts can only be spent for the intended purpose and within the specified time frame. If these conditions are not met, the recipient budget must return the subvention to the budget that allocated it.
The condition for the provision of a subsidy, also allocated for specific purposes, is the share participation of the recipient budget. Those. if, for example, the federal budget allocates money to the regional budget for the construction of a transport hub, this facility is being built both at the expense of the regional budget and at the expense of the subsidy received.
Thus, unlike grants, subventions and subsidies are targeted. Subventions and subsidies differ from each other in terms of their share in financing: a subvention is 100% financing for a specific purpose, and a subsidy is only partial.
