The property accepted for accounting at the enterprise is subject to depreciation. The exception is non-depreciable property, which includes environmental objects, construction in progress, working capital, etc. There are several ways to calculate depreciation. Each of them is based on the useful life of the objects.
Instructions
Step 1
The useful life is determined in accordance with the classification of property, plant and equipment. In it, all property is divided into 10 groups. Each of them has its own useful life, i.e. the period during which the property is able to generate income for the enterprise and serve the purposes of its activities.
Step 2
Depreciation can be calculated on a linear basis. In this case, its annual amount is determined based on the initial cost of the item of fixed assets and the depreciation rate calculated on the basis of the useful life. Let's say the organization purchased an item of fixed assets worth 100,000 rubles. Its useful life is 5 years, which means the depreciation rate is 20%. Therefore, the annual depreciation amount will be 20,000 rubles. (100,000 * 20%).
Step 3
When calculating depreciation by the diminishing balance method, its annual amount is determined based on the residual value of the fixed asset at the beginning of the reporting period, the depreciation rate and the acceleration factor. The latter is established by legislation for each type of property. For example, a company purchased equipment worth 100,000 rubles. The useful life is 5 years. The depreciation rate is 20%, but it will be increased to 40%, since the acceleration factor is 2. Therefore, for the first year of operation of the equipment, depreciation will be 40,000 rubles. In the second year, it will be 40% of the residual, i.e. RUB 24,000 (60,000 * 40%), etc.
Step 4
Another way to calculate depreciation is by the sum of the number of years of useful life. In this case, the amount of depreciation for the year is determined based on the initial value of the property and the ratio, the numerator of which will be the number of years remaining until the end of the object's operation, and the denominator is the sum of the number of years. For example, an enterprise has acquired property worth 100,000 rubles. Its useful life is 5 years. The sum of the numbers of years will be 15 (5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1). Accordingly, for the first year, depreciation will amount to 33,333.33 rubles. (100,000 * 5/15), in the second year 26,666.67 rubles. (100,000 * 4/15), etc.
Step 5
With the method of calculating depreciation in proportion to the volume of products produced, accrual is carried out based on natural indicators and the ratio of the estimated volume of products produced for the useful life. For example, a company purchased a car worth 200,000 rubles. The estimated mileage for the entire useful life is 500 thousand km. In the first year, the car drove 10 thousand km. Consequently, the annual depreciation amount will be 4,000 rubles. (10/500 * 200,000).
