An integral part of the financial and economic activities of any enterprise is the preparation of cost estimates for products. It has a value expression and can be determined both for a unit of production and for a group of products, or for individual categories of industries.
It is necessary
- - standard forms of financial statements,
- - office equipment,
- - stationery.
Instructions
Step 1
You can make a cost estimate for a product in several ways, which involve calculating production costs, the cost of goods produced and the volume of work in progress. There are four calculation methods: standard, simple (process-by-process), cross-cutting and custom-made.
Step 2
In mass, small-scale and serial production, it is appropriate to apply the normative method of compiling a cost estimate. Its use must be accompanied by the mandatory compilation of a normative calculation according to the norms that are valid at the beginning of the calendar month. It is also important to track all deviations from the accepted norms at the initial stage of their occurrence. Any fluctuations in current regulations should be kept in mind, and these changes should be reflected in a timely manner in regulatory calculations.
Step 3
When drawing up a cost estimate for a product using this method, it is important to know that those norms are considered valid according to which the vacation and shipment of products to production is currently being made, as well as the remuneration of workers for work already performed.
Step 4
Due to the fact that there are no significant differences between “redistribution” and “process”, then the alternate method is often described as a simple method of compiling a cost estimate for a product.
This method is used in enterprises where raw materials go through several redistributions, or different types of finished products are produced through one technological process.
Step 5
It should be noted that this method has two methods of calculation - semi-finished and non-semi-finished. In the first case, the cost of each redistribution includes the cost of the previous one, in the second case, the cost of each redistribution is calculated separately.
Step 6
It is advisable to draw up a cost estimate for the product for companies working on a custom basis using the order method.
Since the concept of an order is understood as one or a small number of products, an analytical accounting card is drawn up for each batch for accounting, indicating the order code, and all production costs and costs are aggregated in strict accordance with the orders being executed. The use of this method is appropriate when it is necessary to know exactly the individual cost of the manufactured product.
