A manufactory is a large enterprise where the manual labor of hired workers is predominantly used and where the system of division of labor is widely used. For the first time, manufactories appeared in Italy in the XIV century, and later in other most developed countries such as the Netherlands, England and France.
Instructions
Step 1
The first factories were located in Florence (cloth and wool production), Venice and Genoa (shipbuilding), Tuscany and Lombardy (mining and mines). All enterprises did not have shop restrictions and did not have to follow certain regulations.
Step 2
Manufactories arose as a result of the amalgamation of workshops of artisans who had various specializations. This allowed one product to be produced in one place.
Step 3
There are scattered and centralized enterprises. Scattered manufactories are organized when an entrepreneur distributes raw materials to his artisans for successive processing. This type is most true for textile workshops and those places where there are no shop restrictions. Poor people who had a certain property (a house with a small plot of land), but could not provide for their families, and therefore were looking for additional work, became employees of such firms. For example, one worker processed raw wool into yarn, which was received by the manufacturer, and gave it to another worker, who, in turn, could make fabric from this yarn.
Step 4
In a centralized manufactory, all workers process raw materials in one room. Enterprises of this kind are common in those places where the technological process required the joint work of a large number of workers who perform various operations. This type was typical for the textile, mining, metallurgical, printing, paper and sugar industries. The owners of such firms were wealthy merchants or workshop craftsmen. Such large manufactories were created directly by the state.
Step 5
This type of production was typical for Europe in the 17th – 18th centuries. Modern manufactories use the latest technology in their activities, and most of the processes are automated and do not involve personnel.