The Oldenburg mark is the monetary unit of the County of Oldenburg, which was minted during the reign of Count Anton Gunther (1603-1667) and after the unification of Germany in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in 1873-1918. Oldenburg's last stamps were produced in the form of notgels in the years 1917-1923.
History
County Oldenburskoe is located on the northern bank of the Hunte River, which flows in the east of the Principality of Freestand. At the beginning of its educational history, the principality was part of the Duchy of Saxony. In 1091, the principality of Delmengorst was acquired by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV.
In 1108, a city called "Aldenburg" was first mentioned in historical sources. This document also mentions the first Oldenburg count Egilmar. In 1180, after the division of Saxony, Oldenburg becomes an independent county. In 1270 Oldenburg and Delmenhorst merged into a single county. During the reign of Count Dietrich the Blessed (1421-1440), Oldenburg was unified between the older and younger lines. In 1667, Count Anton Gunther died without leaving an heir. Until 1773, the county became a vassal territory of Denmark. In 1774, the sickly king of Denmark, Christian VII, completely transferred the management of the city to the bishop of Lübeck in the Holstein-Gottorp junior line, Frederick Augustus I, who raised the status of the county to a duchy. In 1810-1814 Oldenburg was occupied by Napoleonic troops.
After the end of the war in 1817, by decision of the Congress of Vienna, the principality of Birkenfeld joined Oldenburg. In 1829 Oldenburg received the status of a grand duchy. In 1871, after the unification of Germany, Oldenburg became part of the German Empire. In 1918, Oldenburg received the status of a free city within the Weimar Republic.
Coins
At the end of the 8th century, bracteates began to mint their own coins in Oldenburg, and the Cologne mark served as the weight measure for the manufacture of coins. The first Oldenburg coins were completely reminiscent of the Bremen Bracteates. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Wittens (German witten) began to be minted in Oldenburg, which became the smallest monetary unit. In 1374, the schwaren began to be minted, which continued to be minted until 1873. These coins were no longer hollow - the image began to be minted on both sides.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, moss were minted from silver and weighed 1, 117 grams. Later, these coins were made from copper. The Schwarens pushed the Witens out of circulation, leaving them only as a unit of account. In the XIV, the pfenigi began to be minted. Silver shillings were minted in the 15th century. Also in East Fristland, Stüber (Stüber) began to be minted in the design of which the strong influence of Western Europe, Ether, Holland and Flanders was felt. 54 stuber equaled 540 witten, or 9 shillings. In 1560, grotins (German Groten) began to be minted in Oldenburg, which were first made of silver and later in copper until 1869.
Along with the circulating small coins of Oldenburg, the Bremen coins were used with large denominations, as well as the currency of other German lands. During the reign of Anton I (1526-1573), gold guilders began to be minted for the county. During the reign of Count Anton Gunther (1603-1667), silver stamps and thalers began to be minted, and in 1660 the gold guilder was replaced by a trade ducat. The monetary standard of that time was: 1 thaler = 2¼ marks = 9 shillings = 54 steuberts = 72 grottos = 360 Schwaren = 540 whiten.
On July 30, 1838, it was decided to issue bargaining chips for Birkenfeld. In 1848 Albus and Silbergroschen were minted from Bilon. For Oldenburg, the smallest bargaining chip was the Schwariens, for Birkenfeld the small pfenig coins, more familiar to those lands, were. Since 1840, coins in denominations of 1⁄6 and 2 thalers (3 ½ guilders) were minted common to all lands of the duchy, and from October 1, 1846, a new weight standard for the courant mark was set: 141⁄3 thalers = 1 Cologne mark of pure silver … On January 1, 1854, after the unification of the entire Grand Duchy, Oldenburg gradually switched to the minting of small denominations.
Brand
In Oldenburg, during the reign of the last Count Anton Gunther (1603-1667), coins began to be minted in denominations of 1, ½ and 1 mark. Oldenrburg coins were not dated until the 60s of the 17th century. During the Danish rule (1667-1773) and until the very mint law of 1873, the mark was not minted.
