The exchange rate difference arises as a result of partial or full repayment of accounts payable or receivable, which is denominated in foreign currency, while the exchange rate at the date of the transaction differs from the rate at the date the debt is recorded in accounting. Also, exchange rate differences may arise from transactions of recalculation of the value of liabilities and assets, discussed in paragraph 7 of PBU 3/2006.
Instructions
Step 1
Read section 3 of PBU 3/2006 "Accounting for exchange rate differences", which presents the main provisions on the order of reflection of these values in accounting. So in clause 12 it is noted that exchange rate differences should be presented in the reporting period, which reflects the date of fulfillment of the obligation or in which the financial statements are drawn up.
Step 2
According to paragraph 14 of PBU 3/2006, the exchange rate differences are attributed to other income or expenses to the corresponding account 91. If it is related to settlements with the founders, then it must be credited to the additional capital of the enterprise. The procedure for reflecting exchange differences also depends on whether foreign currency is purchased or sold.
Step 3
Record the purchase of foreign currency in your accounting records. First, open the debit of account 57 "Transfers in transit" with correspondence to account 51 "Current accounts". So you will reflect the transfer of rubles for the purchase of currency. The bank credits currency to a foreign currency account at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Russia as of the date of purchase by opening a debit on account 52 "Currency accounts" with an application to credit account 57. The bank's commission refers to other expenses and is reflected on the debit of account 91 "Other expenses" and credit of account 51 …
Step 4
Include the resulting exchange rate difference in other expenses or income of the enterprise, for which open a debit on account 91 "Other expenses or income" and a credit on account 57. For tax purposes, this difference refers to unrealized expenses or income, in accordance with paragraph 6 of paragraph 1 Article 265 and clause 2 of Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Step 5
Post the sale of foreign currency in accounting. To do this, a posting is opened: debit of account 57 - credit of account 52, which is debited from the currency account of the company. The crediting of the ruble amount is reflected on the debit of account 51 and the credit of account 57. After that, write off the bank's commission for the operation as part of other expenses and reflect the exchange rate difference on the debit of account 91.
