The cost of goods includes the sum of all costs for its production and sale: raw materials, fuel, materials, equipment, salaries of workers, transportation costs, etc. The cost of goods is calculated to determine the price of the goods and calculate the profitability of the enterprise.
It is necessary
- - the cost of manufacturing a unit of goods;
- - the price of the goods being sold;
- - the volume of products.
Instructions
Step 1
To determine the cost of goods, you need to calculate all the costs spent on creating a unit of production. At the same time, it is customary to group all costs by expense items, which are conventionally divided into direct and indirect. Direct costs include costs of raw materials and fixed assets, wages, and fuel. Indirect costs include equipment maintenance and operation costs. There are several methods for calculating the cost of goods.
Step 2
The classic calculation of the cost price involves the determination of costs, which vary in proportion to the volume of production. The representatives here are raw materials, materials, components, technological energy, piecework wages. All these costs are summed up and divided by specific types of products.
Step 3
The second option for calculating the cost of goods is expressed through the definition of variable costs for the manufacture of each unit according to cost rates. After that, the absolute value of costs is divided by the volume of this type of product.
Step 4
You can calculate the cost of goods using margin analysis. It uses the ratio of prices for products sold and the variable costs of manufacturing them. This is expressed by the formula:
"selling price per unit - variable cost per unit / selling price per unit".
Step 5
The cost of goods sold is deducted from accounting in three ways: at the cost of each unit, at the average cost, or at the cost of the first goods and the time of purchase. Today, the most common method of writing off sold goods is at the cost of each unit. In retail trade, goods are recorded at sales prices using balance sheet account 42 "Trade margin".
Step 6
In economic science, the total cost (the ratio of total costs to the volume of production) and the marginal cost (the cost of each subsequent manufactured unit of production) are distinguished.
