In the course of their business activities, most companies are faced with the need to obtain bank loans. In this regard, the accountant has the task of correctly carrying out this operation and reflecting the percentage of the loan in the accounting of the organization. To carry out this procedure, there are a number of rules regulated by the PBU and the Instructions for the Application of the Chart of Accounts.
Instructions
Step 1
Consider the costs that are associated with the fulfillment of obligations under the loan agreement received by the company, in accordance with the rules prescribed in the Accounting Regulations PBU 15/2008 "Accounting for expenses on loans and borrowings", which was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 107n dated 06.10.2008. In accordance with clause 2 of PBU 9/99 and clause 3 of PBU 10/99, the loan amount cannot be recognized as income of the enterprise upon receipt and expense upon return.
Step 2
Record the receipt of funds from the loan to the company's current account as long-term loan debt. To do this, you need to open a loan on account 67 "Settlements for long-term loans and credits" and a debit on account 51 "Settlement accounts". This rule is spelled out in clause 2 of PBU 15/2008.
Step 3
Consider the cost of the loan, namely the payment of interest, to other expenses. According to clauses 6 and 7 of PBU 15/2008, they must be reflected in the accounting for the reporting period when they were adopted. Accounting for the amount of interest is carried out separately with the opening of subaccount 67.2 "Interest on loan". The accrual of interest on the loan is reflected in the credit of sub-account 67.2 with correspondence to the debit of account 91.2 "Other expenses". After the payment of the expenses on the loan is made, it is necessary to reflect this operation on the credit of account 51 "Current accounts" and the debit on account 67.2 "Interest on the loan".
Step 4
Carry out in accounting the acquisition of property, which is indicated in the loan agreement. To do this, reflect its value on the credit of account 60 "Settlements with contractors and suppliers" and the debit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" with reference to the corresponding subaccount. Note VAT on the debit of account 19.1. Payment for the property is carried out by opening a credit on account 51 and a debit on account 60. After the purchased fixed asset is put into operation, a posting is made in accounting using a credit on account 08 and a debit on account 01 "Fixed assets".
