In the process of carrying out the financial and economic activities of enterprises, managers can obtain loans from other legal entities. According to Russian law, the borrower and the lender must conclude an agreement, which sets out all the rights, obligations and conditions for granting a loan.
Instructions
Step 1
First of all, you must check the correctness of filling out all the documents, because on their basis, postings are made in accounting and tax accounting. First, read the loan agreement carefully. Pay attention to conditions such as the term, the procedure for the provision of loan documents, the schedule of payments. Check the details of the organization.
Step 2
Let's say, according to the agreement, the loan amount was transferred to your current account. In this case, on the basis of the statement and the payment order in accounting, make the entry: D51 K66 or 67 - the amount was received under the loan agreement.
Step 3
Then, on the basis of the compiled accounting statement, make the following entry: D91 subaccount "Other expenses" K66 - the amount of interest that is payable under the loan agreement has been accrued.
Step 4
If the interest was transferred from the current account, on the basis of the statement and the payment order, make the entries: D66 K51 - the loan amount was transferred from the current account. If interest was issued through the cashier, fill out a cash flow order and indicate account 50 for the loan. Reflect the interest in the same way, but remember that the transaction must be made separately, that is, do not combine the main payment and interest in one amount, since when calculating income tax you get confused.
Step 5
Loans are short-term (for a period not exceeding a year) and long-term (from a year or more). In the first case, you should reflect them on account 66, in the second - 67. If you took out a long-term loan, and there are 365 days to maturity, you can transfer the amount to account 66.
Step 6
The loan can be obtained in the form of products or materials. In this case, make the wiring: D41 or 10 K66 or 67.
Step 7
When calculating income tax, include the amount of interest in expenses, but their amount should not be higher than the average level of interest. To calculate the interest that can be included in the tax base, use the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
