The economic indicator of the share of costs is most often used in the analysis of production, it allows you to estimate what share in the cost of production falls on certain costs.
When analyzing the share of costs, indicators of both the total share of costs in production and the share of individual costs (for example, material or their components - raw materials, energy) are used. The formula for calculating the share of costs in production can be represented as follows: costs / prime cost * 100%.
For example, the cost of production at an enterprise consists of the cost of raw materials (150 thousand rubles), wages of employees (100 thousand rubles), rent (50 thousand rubles) and energy costs (20 thousand rubles). Thus, the cost price is 320 thousand rubles. It remains to determine what specific weight falls on each of the cost groups. So, the share of costs for raw materials is 47% (150/320 * 100), for wages - 31% (100/320 * 100), for rent - 16% (50/320 * 100), the remaining 6% are for electricity …
Types of production costs
As a rule, for the analysis, not the total costs of the enterprise are used, but separate groups of costs. Most often, the following groups of costs are used in economic analysis:
- material costs - the cost of materials purchased on the side, semi-finished products and raw materials, this also includes the cost of transportation services, customs duties;
- energy costs the cost of electricity costs;
- labor costs - salaries, compensation, benefits of the main production personnel of the enterprise;
- deductions for social needs;
- depreciation of fixed assets - the amount of deductions for the restoration of fixed assets;
- other costs (for example, rent, loan payments).
Analysis of the structure of production costs
An analysis of the specific weight of costs is necessary to understand the structure of the cost of production and ways to reduce it. With a reduction in cost, the profit and profitability of the enterprise grows.
In various industrial sectors, the share of certain costs is different. Depending on which costs prevail, one can single out material-intensive, labor-intensive, energy-intensive industries and segments with a high weight of depreciation costs.
Material-intensive industries include, for example, food and light industries. In this case, the largest share of costs falls on raw materials and materials for production. And a reduction in the amount of raw materials used in production (due to rational savings) or its cost leads to a reduction in cost and an increase in the profit of the enterprise.
The labor-consuming industries include the coal and mining industries. Here, the main costs fall on the wages fund and social security contributions. An increase in the profitability of production can be made by optimizing the number of employees.
The energy-intensive industries include metallurgical production. The most important factor in increasing the return on production is a decrease in energy consumption and a reduction in energy intensity.
Industries with a high share of depreciation costs are, for example, the oil and gas industry. If there is an increase in the share of depreciation in costs and in the cost of production, this indicates a decrease in capital productivity.
As a rule, the analysis of the specific weight of costs is carried out in dynamics in relation to the previous period, or by comparing with the planned values for the reporting period.
