After 2015, global changes began in pension provision. It was this year that became a landmark for future pensioners, because a pension reform has taken place in Russia. Now the rules for calculating and accumulating old-age security have changed. And if earlier payments were formed according to the total amount of pension capital and experience, today everything is very individual, since it depends on the person's personal coefficient.
Every Russian citizen of active age is accounted for by the compulsory pension insurance system, which is abbreviated as OPS. The employer must pay contributions to the Pension Insurance Fund for the employee on a monthly basis throughout his work activity. It is these deductions that become the indestructible guarantor of the formation of the insurance part of his pension.
However, payments for each future pensioner will be individual, since they depend on the PKI - an important term that stands for individual pension coefficient.
The amount of payments that was accumulated before the adoption of the reform is automatically transferred to the point account and will certainly be taken into account when calculating the pension. For each past working year, you can collect a certain number of points, and it is calculated based on the officially accrued salary, and therefore from insurance premiums. Points have their own value, it is necessarily indexed, like all government payments.
What is the essence of system reform
Prior to that year, the legislation of 2001 was in force in the Russian Federation, according to which every citizen who had worked officially for at least 5 years could apply for a work pension due to old age. These payments included two parts: the first - insurance, the second - cumulative.
But after 14 years, everything changed, and each of the points turned into an autonomous type of pension. The judgment “labor pension” has completely disappeared. This means that following the legislation, the whole approach to the calculation and accrual of this type of benefit has also changed.
What happened after 2015
The pension can be accrued for old age if the applicant meets several conditions:
- he is 60 years old, if he is male;
- she is 55 years old, if she is a woman;
- there are more than 15 years of official work experience;
- IPK is from 30 bp.
But the transitional provisions described in Article 35 of the Federal Law No. 400 are taken into account. So, in 2018, a pension can be assigned if the work experience is from 9 years, and the IPC indicator is from 13, 8.
Old age calculation
The formula applies to the insurance part of the pension:
IPK * SIPK + FV
Abbreviation meanings:
- the first is the points of pension accumulation, which were received during the work;
- the second is the cost of 1 PKI;
- the third is a fixed payment.
The second and third quantities are indexed every calendar year. So, for 2018, the SIPK reached 81.49 rubles, the size of the PV is 4982.9 rubles.
"White" salary
It was repeatedly mentioned in various campaigning companies for the pension reform that the amount of future payments varies from the amount of contributions transferred for the employee. That is, an important role here is played by the fact that the salary is paid "white", and not "gray" - in an envelope. Thus, a person increases his or her contributions under the MPI, and therefore adds a level of pension to himself.
IPK
The so-called retirement score demonstrates the employee's eligibility to receive a pension. It is indicated on the personal account and reflects the payment of the insurance premiums by the employer.
In fact, this is the once used pension capital, but in 2015 it was recalculated into a notional value. The total points directly affect the decision on the appointment of a pension, as well as its value.
In a number of circumstances, the amount of points increases even when the person did not go to work, but at the same time:
- took care of the child on maternity leave until he was 1, 5 years old;
- was called up for urgent military service;
- officially looked after a disabled person.
That is, the PKI includes all the points earned.
How is it calculated:
IPK = (IPKs + IPKn) * KvSP.
Abbreviation meanings:
- the first in the formula is the amount of points when calculating payments;
- the second is those points that were awarded before Jan. 2015;
- the third is the amount of pension points that were accrued after 2015;
- the third is the coefficient of increasing the IPC.
IPCn is calculated for the amount of years of work when the employer deducted contributions. To calculate it, the formula is used:
IPKi = (SVyear, and: NSVgod, and) * 10, Abbreviation meanings:
- the first in the formula is the amount of points per year;
- the second - summed up insurance premiums listed for 1 year;
- the third is the total amount of contributions (insurance).
The third is taken from the maximum contributory base and is set by the government each year.
If in 2016 "NSVgod, and" reached 796 thousand rubles, in 2017 - 876 thousand rubles, then in 2018 it reached 1.021 thousand rubles.
Sample on the example of Ivan Ivanovich
Ivan Ivanovich Petrov, born in 1995, decided to form his pension exclusively from insurance savings (which is 16% of contributions). He is already employed and receives 19 thousand rubles as "white" ones.
How to calculate the amount of insurance premiums for 2018? The amount of contributions to be paid to the PFN for Petrov I. I. will be:
19, 000 * 12 * 0, 16 = 36, 480.
And the amount of contributions on the contribution base in 2018 will be equal to:
1, 021, 000 * 0, 16 = 163, 360.
Now you need to use the formula:
36, 480: 127, 360 × 10 = 2, 233.
This is the sum of pension points that Petrov can earn this year if his salary does not change downward.
How the threshold of points for accrual of payments grows
So, in order for the insurance pension to be paid in old age to a person, he must accumulate a certain amount of points. In 2018, this required volume is 13.8 units.
Further, every year you need to add 2, 4 points until 2025. And from that year onwards, the minimum IPK amount cannot be less than 30 bp. (this includes both insurance and all other periods of activity).
Freeze
In 2018, for those who chose to form their pension from the funded part, this process was "frozen". That is, from this year on, all the contributions made are now transferred exclusively to the insurance part of the pension. This "freeze" will continue until 2020 inclusive.
The ability to earn points is also strictly limited. So in 2018 you can get a maximum of 8, 7 pts.
Maximum IPC value:
- In 2015: if only insurance h. pensions - 7, 39, if insurance h. plus cumulative - 4, 62
- In 2016: 7, 83 and 4, 89, respectively
- In 2017: 8, 26 and 5, 16
- In 2018: 8, 70 and 5, 43
- In 2019: 9, 13 and 5, 71
- In 2020: 9, 57 and 5, 98
- After 2021: 10:00 and 06.25.
Innovations from 2019
From the first month of 2019, a new pension reform will start in our country, which is aimed at improving the lives of existing pensioners. That is, the growth of current pensions at a very high rate ahead of inflation.
The new law describes all the features of the indexation of payments until 2024. The law itself has already been signed by the head of state.
Thus, the average level of pension payments in the new year will grow by one thousand rubles. Insurance (that is, labor) pensions begin to be indexed from 1 day of the year, and not from February 1, as before. This does not apply to pensioners who continue to work; they have received one pension level since 2016.
Another point of the reform - raising the retirement age by 5 years - men will now be given payments only from 65 years, women - from 60.
These indicators will not grow at lightning speed, but systematically. That is, starting next year, the retirement age will increase by 1 year. In addition, an amendment has been adopted that makes it possible for a person to retire ahead of time according to the total length of service - if it is 42 years for the male population and 37 years for the female. But there is an important condition - less than 2 years should remain before leaving, and the age of the future pensioner should already be 60 and 55 years old, respectively.
