A loss is a negative result of the organization's business. His education is influenced by many factors, both external and internal. The loss of the enterprise must be reflected in the balance sheet at the end of the reporting year.
Instructions
Step 1
When compiling the balance sheet, remember that the arguments for the creation of losses in the organization are: a drop in demand and a decrease in the cost of products, the inability to sell products, repair of equipment or production facilities, which is immediately written off to the company's expenses.
Step 2
It is worth noting that in the reporting, the loss immediately attracts a lot of attention from the tax authorities, and can lead to on-site inspections of the organization. Representatives of the tax authorities demand to substantiate the reasons for the loss in the company, since its presence reduces or completely eliminates income tax. According to Article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, there are two conditions for recognizing expenses. These include economic feasibility and documentary evidence of costs. Therefore, you need to stock up on the necessary certificates and documents confirming losses and expenses.
Step 3
The favorite way of accountants to conceal the company's losses is to assign a share of the costs to account number 97 "Deferred expenses". But not all losses can be reported with such a posting, as accounting violations may occur, which will lead to penalties.
Step 4
Loss accounting under the general accounting system is based on the write-off of the organization's expenses and the results of its activities to the Debit of account number 99 "Profits and losses":
- Credit account 90-9 (calculation for the reporting period for ordinary activities);
- Credit account 91-9 (calculation of the result for the reporting period for other operations)
Carry out a balance sheet reformation based on the results of the past year, in which the balance of subaccounts numbered 90-1 - 90-4, 90-9, 91-1, 91-2 should be equal to zero.
Step 5
Simultaneously with the closing of the reporting tax period in case of losses in the organization, it is necessary to indicate the conditional income tax on profit, calculated as the product of the total balance of subaccounts 90-9 and 91-9 and the income tax rate (20% as of 2011). Reflect the obtained result on the subaccount of account 99 "Conditional income tax on profit".
The posting of the accrued amount should be as follows:
- Debit of account number 68 "Calculations of income tax" - Credit of account number 99 subaccount "Conditional income tax on income".
The same amount should be posted at the same time:
- Debit of account 09 "Deferred tax assets" - Credit of account 68 subaccount "Calculations of income tax".
Step 6
Conditional income qualifies as expenses carried forward to the future, allowing the tax base to be reduced in the following periods, in accordance with Article 283 of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. When calculating the result of the company's activities, together with the current loss and income tax, you can take into account the costs incurred in previous tax periods. To do this, two rules must be observed: losses are carried forward for a period not exceeding 10 years, and the costs are paid in the order in which they are received.
