Excise tax is a type of indirect tax that is included in the cost of goods and, accordingly, is paid at the expense of the buyer. They are installed on monopoly or highly profitable goods.
The concept of excise taxes
As a rule, the state imposes excise taxes on goods with inelastic demand, i.e. independent of changes in value. These are, for example, tobacco, alcohol, gasoline. This is the difference between excise tax and tax on expenses and turnover tax.
The purposes of setting excise taxes can be economic and fiscal. In the latter case, we are talking about increasing the replenishment of the budget due to the withdrawal of excess profits from manufacturers of highly profitable goods. Excise taxes can also be established for the indirect protection of substitute goods or national producers. For example, a beer producing country may impose higher excise taxes on wine.
Types of excisable goods
In Russia, excisable goods include:
- ethyl alcohol and alcohol-containing products;
- alcoholic beverages;
- tobacco products;
- passenger cars;
- motor gasoline and diesel fuel;
- engine oils;
- straight-run gasoline;
- heating household fuel.
Procedure for calculating and paying excise duty
Producers of excisable goods are recognized as payers of excise taxes, regardless of their form of ownership (organization or individual entrepreneur). Excise taxes are imposed on sales of excisable goods. Turnover is the total value of sold excisable goods excluding VAT. The date of the negotiable transaction is determined by shipment or by actual payment.
The amount of excise taxes payable is determined by payers independently on the basis of the cost of goods and the established tax rates. They are paid to the budget for example, daily or quarterly. In Russia, excise taxes are paid monthly no later than the 25th day of the month following the expired tax period. For example, July must be paid by August 25th.
The amount of excise tax is equal to the rate of excise duty multiplied by the tax base. In Russia, there are fixed and combined excise rates.
An example of a fixed rate - 15 rubles. for 1 liter of beer sold. If the organization sold beer in the amount of 100 thousand liters, respectively, the excise tax to be paid to the budget will be 1.5 million rubles. (100000 * 15).
The combined rate combines an ad valorem (interest rate) and a fixed rate. For example, when selling cigarettes, an excise tax of 8% is levied on the maximum retail price of sold cigarettes plus 550 rubles. for every 1000 pieces. If the organization sold 100 thousand packs of cigarettes (2 million pieces) at a price of 40 rubles. per pack, it turns out that the amount of excise tax payable will be (100,000 * 40 * 8% + 2,000,000 / 1,000 * 550) = 1.42 million rubles.
To control the correctness of the amount of calculations, taxpayers submit to the tax authorities calculations for excise taxes in the form and within the time limits established by law.
