Emission is a rather multifaceted concept, it cannot be given an unambiguous definition. Often, the issue is understood as the release of money into circulation instead of worn out and damaged banknotes and coins, which does not lead to an increase in the money supply. Emission is also the issue of securities (stocks, bonds, certificates, etc.) by any issuers: the state, joint stock companies, credit institutions.
Economists use the term "emission" to mean the release of money into circulation, corresponding to the level of inflation or an increase in the mass of commodities, which leads to an increase in money in circulation (money supply). We can say that emission is such an issue of money that leads to an increase in the volume of money. masses. This means that not every issue of money can be called an emission. After all, the issue of money is happening all the time. Non-cash money begins to turnover when banks issue loans to their customers, and cash turnover begins when cash transactions are carried out. But at the same time, clients repay their loans, as well as hand over cash to the cash desks of banks. This means that there is no increase in the money supply, the same amount of money is in circulation. Depending on the type of money entering circulation, non-cash and cash emission are distinguished. Cash issue is the issue of additional banknotes (banknotes and coins) into circulation. Cashless issue is an increase in account balances with banks in the process of conducting active operations. At the same time, non-cash issue is primary. After all, the bank issues cash only within the limits of their account balances. This means that in order to increase the volume of issuance, it is necessary that non-cash account balances increase, i.e. a non-cash issue took place. The main purpose of the issue of money is to meet the growing needs of enterprises in credit funds. Commercial banks can also satisfy it by providing loans. However, with their help it is possible to satisfy only the basic, and not additional, need of economic entities for money. But in connection with the growth of production and the increase in prices, the need for additional funds arises constantly. Therefore, to satisfy it, there is an emission mechanism. In modern conditions, the state, represented by the central bank and the treasury, has the right to issue money. The redistribution of the issued money occurs through the system of commercial banks and other credit and financial institutions.