The concept of "tax base" is introduced to obtain a quantitative characteristics of the subject of taxation. This quantitative characteristic is necessary for calculating the amount of tax, but it is not an object of taxation that is obliged to pay tax. Identification of the concepts "tax base" and "object of taxation" is one of the common mistakes that become the reasons for violation of tax legislation.
The procedure for determining the tax base
For each tax, federal, regional or local, for the calculation of which the tax base is used, it is established in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. It also spelled out the procedure for its determination in each specific case. The rates applied in each specific case for federal taxes are established in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, and for regional and local taxes the basis for applying these rates is the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the representative bodies of municipalities.
To determine the tax base, enterprises are required to maintain accounting records and use accounting registers and other documents confirming data on transactions related to taxable objects. Compulsory accounting of such transactions is provided for individual entrepreneurs. For individuals who pay income tax, the tax base on which this tax is calculated at a rate of 13% is the total annual income.
How is the calculation of the tax base
Drawing up such a calculation is the duty of the taxpayer, he must provide it for each reporting tax period on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year. The tax base for different taxes is calculated in different ways, for each tax, which is calculated taking into account the tax base, it is different. So for calculating the tax base for income tax, the calculation provides the following data:
- the amount of income from sales received during the reporting period, this includes, for example, income from the sale of goods and services produced or provided by the enterprise, as well as from the sale of securities, property, fixed assets, etc.;
- the amount of expenses by which the amount of income will be reduced, these include expenses directly for production and those related to the sale of sources of income;
- profit or loss from sales - the amount of income and expenses;
- the amount of non-operating income (on financial transactions of forward transactions);
- the amount of non-operating expenses (on financial transactions of urgent transactions);
- profit or loss from non-operating income and expense transactions;
- the total amount, which is the tax base.
The amount of taxable profit received is calculated as the difference between the amount of the tax base received and the amount of the loss to be carried forward.
