A tax deduction is an amount that reduces the amount of income on which income tax is paid. Any Russian who has income taxed at a rate of 13% can apply for a tax deduction.
Types of tax deductions
In the everyday sense, a tax deduction is the return of a part of personal income tax when purchasing an apartment, expenses incurred for treatment and education, etc. Today in Russia there are four types of deductions: standard, social, professional and property.
As part of the property deduction from a citizen, expenses for the construction or purchase of a house, apartment, room or property share can be taken into account. Also included are the costs of finishing and the purchase of building materials. You can get a tax deduction for mortgage interest as it is paid.
Social deductions are provided for the costs of education (for your own or your children), as well as for expensive treatment and the purchase of medicines.
Professional deductions can be obtained by entrepreneurs who are on OSNO. The list of expenses is contained in the tax code.
Special categories of citizens (Heroes of the USSR and the Russian Federation, etc.), as well as taxpayers who have children in care, have the right to receive standard deductions.
Procedure for obtaining a tax deduction
Receiving a tax deduction is subject to a number of rules. So, not the full amount of expenses within the limits of deduction is subject to refund, but the corresponding amount of previously paid tax. The tax deduction can be obtained at the end of the calendar year from the tax office of the place of residence. It is necessary to provide declarations in the form of 3-NDFL and attach the requested set of documents.
So, in order to receive a property tax deduction, in addition to the declaration and application, it is necessary to provide:
- certificate of income (form 2-NDFL);
- an agreement on the purchase of housing;
- copies of payment documents;
- the act of acceptance and transfer of the apartment;
- certificate of state registration of property.
To receive social deductions, the tax authorities are provided with copies of documents confirming payment for medical services or tuition fees and a certificate of income.
In any case, a citizen must officially work and have a white salary, with which income tax is paid. The taxpayer can return the tax paid for the three previous tax periods. For example, if you apply to the tax office in 2014, you can get deductions for 2011, 2012, 2013.
There are two types of income tax refunds:
- tax refund to a personal personal account, the details of which must be indicated in the application for a deduction;
- by submitting an application for a tax deduction to the employing company - then income tax will not be withheld from part of the salary for a certain period of time.
In the latter case, the taxpayer must receive a document confirming his right to deduction from the tax office. It will indicate the name of the employer who will not withhold tax from the employee's wages for a certain period of time.
Changes to tax deduction from 2014
Since 2014, new rules for granting property deductions have been introduced. Now citizens can get them not for one apartment, but for several, only within 2 million rubles. The maximum amount to be refunded is 260 thousand rubles.
The property tax deduction under the new rules can be obtained if the documents confirming the ownership must be dated after the beginning of 2014.
