Cost accounting in production is needed not only for determining the cost of production and for taxation. Cost analysis allows you to plan stocks of raw materials and materials, and also makes it possible to assess the efficiency of the manufacturing process.
Instructions
Step 1
The main requirements for cost accounting in production: completeness and reliability, the validity of attributing costs to this reporting period and the stability of the methodology used.
Step 2
Cost elements include the cost of materials and raw materials, energy costs. Other groups of cost elements: wages and social contributions from the wage bill, depreciation and other expenses. The organization establishes cost items independently in accordance with regulations and accounting rules.
Step 3
For cost accounting, accounts 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production" and 26 "General business expenses" are used. To account for defective products, account 28 "Defects in production" is used.
Step 4
Account 20 "Main production" - active. The debit of the account reflects the costs by item, the credit - the output. The debit balance of account 20 means the presence of work in progress. The necessary sub-accounts are opened to the account.
Step 5
Account 23 "Auxiliary production" - active, calculating. Within a month, it is filled in with debit entries based on primary documents from the credit of settlement and material accounts. At the end of the month, the costs of auxiliary production are distributed among the consumers of services.
Step 6
Account 26 "General expenses" - active. It does not have a balance, since the costs recorded on account 26 are distributed at the end of each reporting period in accordance with industry guidelines.
Step 7
Account 28 "Defect in production" - active, synthetic. The debit of the account reflects the cost of defective products (irreparable marriage) or the cost of correcting the marriage. On the credit of the account, there are amounts that reduce marriage: deductions from guilty workers or suppliers of defective raw materials. The account balance is the sum of the losses. The account is closed by transferring the balance to the cost of production.
